Both issues, and many others, could be avoided by simply examining your proprietary lease and bylaws, to make certain you're operating according to their terms and that the two documents reflect modern legal practice.

These documents were often not created by the sponsors with a great deal of thought as to how the building would operate. They were never intended to be permanent; they were only meant to enable the sponsor to sell apartments. In many instances, they were outdated before they were used and now, after decades of defining case law, they are downright ancient. And every outdated or incorrect provision could result in a judgment against you. Even if you win the litigation, you could still face thousands of dollars of legal fees over an interpretation of an ambiguous sentence.

Every proprietary lease and set of bylaws is different, but there are a number of similar problems in all the older documents, including the following:

1. Term

If your proprietary lease has a remaining term of less than 35 years, you could have difficulty obtaining financing. If you let your proprietary lease expire, you cease to be a cooperative.

2. Lessor's Repairs

Is the provision sufficiently specific, or does the lease just provide that the lessor (the corporation) is responsible for anything the lessee (the shareholder) is not responsible for doing? If you get into a dispute with a shareholder over an important provision that basically says that the corporation is responsible for anything not covered by paragraph 18, will you be obligated to make expensive repairs that the shareholder should make?

3. Damage to the Apartment

Does the paragraph cover leaks from outside the building or from another floor? If not, who must pay for repairing the leak and its damage?

4. Terrace and Roofs

If shareholders have roof space, are they responsible for any damage they might inflict on the roof or terrace floor, which is part of your roofing system? If the lease isn't specific, you may have to pay to correct a problem caused by a negligent shareholder or a bored child.

5. Late Fees

Does your lease provide that the shareholder has to pay "promptly"? If not, then does the lessee have to pay the maximum fee permitted by law? If those provisions are in your lease, you may have to litigate over the definition of "promptly," and the default maximum rate of interest is 9 percent per annum. Unless your lease is more detailed, you can't collect a dime more.

6. House Rules

Does your lease contain a mechanism to enforce the house rules?

7. Use of Premises

Is your lease written so broadly that the board has no control over who can live in the apartment?

8. Subletting

If you have a sublet fee, you can only collect it if it is specifically provided for in this paragraph. Also, can the board limit sublets?

9. Assignment

Unless your transfer fee or flip tax is included here, then it is not legal and should not be collected. The board does not have the right to reject a purchaser unless that right is specifically contained in this provision. There is no natural right to reject purchasers – that right has to be granted to the board.

10. Repairs by the Lessee

Does the lease provide that the shareholder is acquiring the apartment in "as is" condition, or are you leaving yourself open to a claim by a buyer that the board has to prepare the apartment for the buyer? Is the lessee who replaces a building system responsible for any repairs to that system, or damage to other parts of the building? If not, you could be.

11. Alterations

Is there a provision requiring a shareholder's alterations be approved by the board?

12. Right of Entry

If a shareholder refuses to leave a key with the superintendent and the board has to gain entrance to the apartment, is the shareholders responsible for reimbursing the board for its expenses?